Analysis of Radio Frequency Identification Immunity Standard for Medical Equipment / 中国医疗器械杂志

Aiming at the increasing application of RFID technology in the medical environment, this study introduces the foreign requirements for RFID immunity test of medical devices, compares them with the current immunity test requirements of medical devices in China, and puts forward the necessity of establishing relevant test specifications in China.

Design and Implementation of Quality and Safety Traceability System for Reusable Medical Devices Disinfection Based on RFID Technology / 中国医疗器械杂志

Focusing on the requirements of visual traceability for reprocessing of reused medical devices under the background of deep integration of intelligent medical treatment, a quality and safety traceability system for disinfection of reused medical devices is developed. The multi-dimensional data of the reprocessing chain of reusable medical devices are acquired in real time by the RFID mobile terminal handset and stored temporarily. The data package is formatted based on LoRa protocol and uploaded to the management and control platform in multi-threaded transmission mode for in-depth analysis and traceability. The corresponding prototype system is developed. The first-line operation and maintenance test results show that the prototype system has strong cooperation, strong operation robustness, and obvious advantages in the identification rate and other layers of sterile equipment package.

How to Sustain Smart Connected Hospital Services: An Experience from a Pilot Project on IoT-Based Healthcare Services / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVES: This paper describes an experience of implementing seamless service trials online and offline by adopting Internet of Things (IoT) technology based on near-field communication (NFC) tags and Bluetooth low-energy (BLE) beacons. The services were provided for both patients and health professionals. METHODS: The pilot services were implemented to enhance healthcare service quality, improve patient safety, and provide an effective business process to health professionals in a tertiary hospital in Seoul, Korea. The services to enhance healthcare service quality include healing tours, cancer information/education, psychological assessments, indoor navigation, and exercise volume checking. The services to improve patient safety are monitoring of high-risk inpatients and delivery of real-time health information in emergency situations. In addition, the services to provide an effective business process to health professionals include surveys and web services for patient management. RESULTS: Considering the sustainability of the pilot services, we decided to pause navigation and patient monitoring services until the interference problem could be completely resolved because beacon signal interference significantly influences the quality of services. On the other hand, we had to continue to provide new wearable beacons to high-risk patients because of hygiene issues, so the cost increased over time and was much higher than expected. CONCLUSIONS: To make the smart connected hospital services sustainable, technical feasibility (e.g., beacon signal interference), economic feasibility (e.g., continuous provision of new necklace beacons), and organizational commitment and support (e.g., renewal of new alternative medical devices and infrastructure) are required.

Design of Wireless Blood Pressure Monitor and Its Data Encryption Method / 中国医疗器械杂志

A wireless blood pressure measurement system was designed to facilitate the measurement of the patient's blood pressure and to transmit the measured data safely and reliably. Through PDA, radio frequency identification technology (RFID) and bluetooth technology, the function of reading patients' information and statistics and analysis of blood pressure, heart rate data was realized. The IDEA and RSA joint algorithms were used to encrypt the patients' data and the key of the IDEA algorithm to ensure the security of the patient' data. The test results showed that the system had high accuracy of measurement data, safe and reliable transmission, and improved the nurses' work efficiency.

Central sterile supply department management system design and implementation based on RFID technology / 中国医疗器械杂志

With the analysis of the requirements of sterilization and supply center of hospital(referred to as "supply room"), the management system of supply room was developed and integrated into the RFID technology. The?system has achieve disinfection materials circulation process traceability to improve the quality management of disinfection materials and reduce the management costs.

Desenvolvimento e avaliação de um sistema automatizado de aquisição de dados para medição de vazão, "Auto-Venturi" / Development and evaluation of a system automated data acquisition for flow rate measurement, "Auto-Venturi"

Visando obter um instrumento, de fácil construção e baixo custo, para medição de vazão por meio de software e hardware, neste trabalho, teve-se por objetivo desenvolver e avaliar um sistema automatizado de aquisição de dados para medição de vazão por meio de um medidor Venturi com comunicação via rádio frequência. Para tal desenvolvimento, avaliou-se também a melhor forma de calibração de um transdutor utilizado em equipamentos de medição de vazão que se baseiam em diferencial de pressão. O trabalho foi realizado no Laboratório de Hidráulica, pertencente ao Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", da Universidade de São Paulo, localizado no campus de Piracicaba. Utilizou-se um medidor Venturi de material acrílico que possui diâmetro maior principal (D) de 0,069 m e diâmetro menor de "garganta" (d) de 0,0352 m. Calibrou-se o transdutor diferencial de pressão utilizado de maneira estática (ausência de fluxo de água na calibração) e de maneira dinâmica, observando-se diferença significativa entre esses dois processos de calibração. Para a calibração, comunicação e transmissão dos dados desenvolveram-se rotinas computacionais em linguagem "Tbasic". Para o desenvolvimento do software denominado Auto-Venturi utilizou-se o programa computacional Delphi 3 da Borland. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o sistema automatizado de aquisição de dados com calibração dinâmica apresentou excelentes índices de precisão e exatidão sendo indicado para esse processo. Realizando-se o processo de calibração estática, encontrou-se um excelente índice de precisão, porém um inadequado índice de exatidão, sendo sua realização não recomendada.

Asking for an instrument, of easy construction and low materials costs, to determinate flow rate by software and hardware, the aimed of this work was to project and evaluate a date acquisition automation system to estimate the flow rate existent in a Venturi instrument using frequency radio communication. This work carried out in the Hydraulic Laboratory in Rural Engineer Department in "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture at Sao Paulo University, in Piracicaba campus. It was used a Venturi instrument composed by a principal diameter (D) of 0,069 m and a lower diameter (d) of 0,0352 m. The pressure transductor calibration carried out by a static way (without flowing rate in the calibration process) and dynamic way presenting difference between these two calibration processes. Computations algorithms were developed in "Tbasic" language and the software called "Auto-Venturi" was designed using Borland Delphi 3 program. According to the results, the data acquisition automation system, with dynamic calibration, had excellent precision and accuracy indices, presenting satisfied results. However, the static calibration system had excellent precision indices and an unsatisfying accuracy isn't indicated to this process.

The establishment of three methods to improve the management of implantable medical device / 中国医疗器械杂志

Based on the managerial deficiencies of Implantable medical device, using the RFID technology, the automatically comparison of data, Intelligent logistics, this article has established three conceptional methods of the original system of increment and iterative development. And details are included in aspect of principle, framework and etc. Meanwhile, advices have been given in the scientific and effective management of the medical instrument.

Identificação computadorizada de crises tipo ausência no eletrocorticograma de ratos / Automatized identification of absence-like seizures in electrocorticogram of rats

Crises tipo epilepsia de ausência são expressas no eletrocorticograma de ratos como surtos paroxísticos de descargas espícula-onda. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi desenvolver e testar um sistema automatizado de identificação de crises. O princípio do sistema é distinguir sinais de crise dos demais sinais pela análise da potência na faixa de frequência entre 7 e 11 Hz, que é alta apenas durante as crises. A rotina, elaborada no Matlab®, é informada com um intervalo de registro em que não ocorreram crises (crivo), a fim de estabelecer o critério de identificação. O sistema compara, por meio da transformada rápida de Fourier, o crivo com o registro inteiro. A saída do programa é uma tabela informando a presença de crises nesses intervalos. Quatro ratos Wistar geneticamente portadores de crises tipo ausência e implantados com eletrodos corticais tiveram eletrocorticograma por 80 minutos. As crises foram quantificadas manualmente minuto a minuto. O registro e a quantificação das crises de um animal foram usados no refinamento do sistema. Os valores da quantificação automatizada foram bastante similares aos da quantificação manual para o animal usado na elaboração do sistema. Os registros dos demais animais foram usados para testar o sistema e apresentaram padrão similar. O sistema é capaz de quantificar com grande fidelidade as descargas eletrocorticográficas espícula-onda, mostrando-se como potente instrumento na análise de registros em estudos com modelos animais dessa patologia. Adicionalmente, pequenas adaptações permitem identificar outros padrões encontrados em registros eletroencefalográficos (sono, vigília, manifestações patológicas). A rotina está disponível para download em www.ib.usp.br/~rpavao.

Absence-like seizures are presented in rat electrocorticogram as paroxistics spike-wave discharges. The aim of this study was to develop and test an automatized system for seizures identification. System fundament is to distinguish seizure signals from others by power analysis in frequency range between 7 and 11 Hz, which is high only during seizures. Routine, elaborated at Matlab®, is inputted with an interval without seizures (sample) in order to set up the criterion of identification. The system compares, through the Fourier fast transformed, the sample with the entire recording. Program output is a table that reports the presence of seizures in such intervals. Four Wistar rats genetically prone to show absence-like seizures with implanted cortical electrodes were submitted to 80 minutes of electrocorticogram. Seizures were counted manually minute by minute. Recording and seizure quantification of one animal were used to refine the system. Automatized quantification was very similar to manual quantification for the animal used as sample. Recordings of the other animals, used to test the system, shows similar pattern. The system is able to quantify with high fidelity the spike-wave discharges, so that it is a powerful instrument to analyze electroencephalogram in studies with animal models of this pathology. Additionally, minor changes allow identifying other patterns found in electrophysiological recordings (sleep, wakefulness, pathological manifestations etc). The routine is available for download at www.ib.usp.br/~rpavao.

Medicaments contrefaits que de problemes (Fin)

Nous bouclons le dossier des medicaments contrefaits.La priorite de la lutte contre les contrefacons n'est pas de securiser le marche par des moyens sophistiques qui rendraient encore les medicaments plus chers.Il faut surtout renforcer les circuits parmaceutiques; ameliorer l'acces des patients a des soins de qualite; et lutter resolument contre la malfacon; plus repandu que la contrefacons mais moins mediatisee

Development and Application of the RFID System for Patient Safety / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVE: A system for reinforcing the patient safety has been established based on RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology in order to minimize a variety of potential medical errors which can take place in hospitals. The system is intended to prevent simple errors or misunderstandings attributed to manifold surgery, transfusion, and medication errors. METHODS: The RFID system was developed and established in one general hospital. The system was applied to managing the patient in the run-up to surgery during anesthesia preparation, transfusion, and anticancer medications, of which procedure information and the patient information are rechecked for assurance, respectively. RESULTS: With regard to the technological aspects, the system used 13.56 MHz of spectrum bandwidth and tags complying with ISO 15693 standard. The tag readers varied with the work, PDAs in the intensive care unit, and laptop computers in the anesthesiology department and on the general wards. After applying the system, we surveyed user's usage and satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The results of our survey indicated a high level of satisfaction with the RFID system in terms of reinforcing the patient's safety in medical environments. Respondents stated that patients were likely to wear an electronic bracelet, even if inconvenient, with their information revealed on the wrist and while going through extended medical procedures. Nurses had intentions to utilize the RFID system for managing hospital assets and tracking patients. A revitalization of the RFID system would be network stability, including the network environment, as well as quantitative effectiveness analysis.

A Study on the Patient Location Monitoring System Based on RFID - RSSI / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVE: The location services has been an important research area in the U-Healthcare. The location services in medical environment can be implemented by Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), and Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) which is the location tracking method by RFID. In this study, we was designed the Patient Location Monitoring System based on RFID using RSSI method. METHODS: The RSSI method is a distance measurement method from reference points to object using the Friis's Principle and the Triangulation. The Patient Location Monitoring System was implemented by XML Data transmitted from the Positioning Server to the application. The Patient Location Monitoring System was designed by C# of Visual Studio 2005 and MS-SQL 2005 Express. RESULTS: The Patient Location Monitoring System had the location-tracking average error of 90.50cm, the standard-deviation of 13.34cm in Open-Space test. And, the designed system had the location-tracking average error of 163.24cm, the standard-deviation of 16.85cm in Closed-Space Test. Also, a patient waiting-list guide performance of the Patient Location Monitoring System had successes of 85~100%. CONCLUSION: In this study, the Patient Location Monitoring System, combined with both patient location-tracking function and patient waiting-list guide function, was validated by experiments in medical environment and this system can be applicable to patient management and further applications.

Microstrip antenna design and system research of radio frequency identification temperature sensor / 生物医学工程学杂志

Radio frequency identification sensor network, which is a product of integrating radio frequency identification (RFID) with wireless sensor network (WSN), is introduced in this paper. The principle of radio frequency identification sensor is analyzed, and the importance of the antenna is emphasized. Then three kinds of common antennae, namely coil antenna, dipole antenna and microstrip antenna, are discussed. Subsequently, according to requirement, we have designed a microstrip antenna in a wireless temperature-monitoring and controlling system. The measurement of factual effect showed the requirement was fulfilled.

The development and application of active RFID entrance management system for emergency patient safety / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVE: Unauthorized exit of emergency patients could cause serious safety problems in the emergency room. If the entry and exit of emergency patients can be monitored by RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology, such safety issues may be resolved. METHOD: We determined the fundamental requirements of the system for emergency patient safety, and chose an active RFID tag to conduct the recognition test. Subsequently, we performed the entrance recognition rate test and safety test using pacemakers. After developing the entrance management programs, we implemented the system in the emergency room and collected data for 6 months. RESULT: The overall success rate of the entrance recognition test was 99.5%, and during the safety test, pacemaker oversensing due to noise did not occur. We intended to fulfill the fundamental requirements in developing entrance management programs. A total of 508 patients were given RFID tags for the study period, and the recognition failure rate was 4.7%. "Alert" pop-ups occurred 62 times. CONCLUSION: An active RFID entrance management system would be very useful for safety management in emergency room because the system enables detection of the unauthorized exit of emergency patients in real. time.

Design and Implementation of Picture Archiving and Communication System Component in the Ubiquitous Environments / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVE: The recent medical treatment guidelines and the development of information technology make hospitals reduce the expense in surrounding environment and it requires improving the quality of rapid medical treatment. Moreover, MIS (Medical Information System) is evolved toward integration of medical IT and situation is changing with increasing high speed in the information communication technology convergence. METHODS: PACS Component in the ubiquitous refers to construct mobile and wireless system of hospital which has constructed in network environment. Because of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) development in existing system, every staff can log on easily to MIS whenever and wherever. In this paper, RFID server and tag manager modified patient tag that allocated patient information database server (tag UID, no, name, password) using UbiU 13.56MHz kit in the environment. RESULTS: It is the main technology to implement automatic medical examination processing system. This paper provides a patient tag manager, PACS application component. In addition, designed and implemented database server's component server and mobile web server that recognized patient tag and medical data in the mobile environments. The component implemented client program of staff's PDA application that recognized medical data in the current server. The component decreased fewer patient examination time than conventional PACS, staff examined patient in the wards. This system implemented radiological information in the mobile module. CONCLUSION: This system implemented RFID patient card, and designed mobile PACS component that performed patient data based database environments, This component expanded PACS in the mobile web environment, and so reduced delay time of requisition, medical treatment, lab.

A Priority Anti-collision Algorithm Based on RFID in Healthcare Environment / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVE: Today, Korean medical community faces rapid changes in medical environment due to opening of medical market, more emphasis on making profit and introduction of private medical insurance. Therefore, it is apparent that around, major university hospitals, efforts are being made to adapt to such changes by establishing mid to long range strategic plans. We want to keep pace with changing times and diverse demand of patients by introducing state of the art system, utilizing Radio Frequency Identification and Ubiquitous Sensor Network technologies for improvements. In doing so, we want to distinguish our hospital services from others. However, Hospital Information System that integrates ubiquitous technologies are introduced in limited basis due to problems like standardization and limits on medical use, where responsibilities lie, legal safeguard on transmission, invasion of privacy etc. Particularly, problems like absence of tag design suitable for medical environment, compatibility issue with previous medical information system, and also, problems on sharing information with other organizations and patients need to be addressed on application of Radio Frequency Identification technologies. METHODS: In order to solve such problems, we have designed medical tags for the first time that are consistent with future ubiquitous environment by deciding on medically suitable field with 96bit tag offered by Electronic Product Code as its base. Second, improving on previous multi-tag recognizing crash prevention algorithm, we have designed a priority anti-collision algorithm that reflects priorities on the needs in medical environment, This means, by designing group bit that reflects priorities, this algorithm is able to recognize tags with faster priorities. RESULTS: For performance evaluation of proposed techniques, we have designed medical tags on 96 bit Philips U-code tag to store and to use medical information. A priority anti-collision algorithm showed superior performance than previous algorithm by recognizing tags with at least 4 times faster priorities. CONCLUSION: This study represented a priority anti-collision algorithm based on RFID in healthcare environment. we expected that the designed algorithm could provide high quality services in hospital.

Design and Implementation of an Effective Hospital System Based on an RFID and Web Service Technology / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVE: Currently hospitals are working hard to make their hospital stand out from the rest in the medical market. The government is trying to hard to resolve the problem in regards to false claims for treatment expenses through issued medical prescriptions. There is a known limit to 1:1 service which needs much improvement. This proposed system will help prevent fake medical prescriptions from being issued. METHODS: In order to provide distinguished medical services for the next generation, we have designed and implemented a system that applies the Radio Frequency Identification standard, web services and mobile technology. RESULTS: In the proposed system, the Radio Frequency Identification card is issued to the patient and the hospital system can automatically recognize the patient and a simple SMS message will be sent. Through this method of communication 1:1 customer service can be accomplished. By applying the web services technology, any pharmacy can use the saved medical prescription code contained in the Radio Frequency Identification tag. This in turn resolves the systematic problems with illegal usage. CONCLUSION: Through this proposed system, we offer the functionality of easily applying the Radio Frequency Identification technology to various medical fields. By using a mobile device, it is possible to collect bio data remotely about a patient.

Design and Implementation of RFID Application System for Hospital Information System / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVE: Hospital information system is evolved toward integration of medical IT(Information Technology) and situation is changing with high speed in the ICT(Information Communication Technology) convergence. RFID/USN(Radio Frequency Identification/Ubiquitous Sensor Network) included IT839 strategy introduced by Ministry of Information and Communication has actively applied to the pilot project and developed elements technologies. RFID is one of the technologies for AIDC(Automatic Identification and Data Capture). It is the core technology to implement automatic processing system. This RFID applications are made of subsystem for patient consultation of delay, automatic reception system by itself. METHODS: This paper implemented RFID server, PDA(Personal Digital Assistant) Client program, tag manager program, user's program. In this paper's RFID server, tag system modified patient tag that allocated patient information database server(tag UID, no, name, password) in instant network. Using RFID 13.56MHz Kit, embodies RFID system that makes possible to search and update the tag of database that makes possible to link with PDA client program in medical information system. RESULTS: This paper provides a comprehensive basic review of RFID model in korea and suggests the evolution direction of further advanced RFID application services. In addition, designed and implemented database server's agent program and client program of PDA application that recognized RFID tag and patient data in the ubiquitous environments. This system implemented hospital information system that performed patient data based medical information database environments, and so reduced delay time of requisition, medical treatment, lab. CONCLUSION: The design of RFID application offers reduction delay time of patient medical treatment, medical institution research management system, so there is a improvement of hospital information system in ubiquitous environment. This papers draw a conclusion, there should have working place with RFID tag related to computational system in patient information system. RFID client program displays patient data and PACS(Picture Archiving and Communication System). Doctor and officers can modify patient's medical data, search data and receipt medical consultation automatically.